`Hour` Function

Returns an Integer specifying a whole number between 0 and 23, inclusive, representing the hour of the day.

Syntax

Hour(time)

Parameters

time (Required): Any Variant, numeric expression, string expression, or any combination that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.

Return Value

Returns an Integer from 0 to 23 representing the hour of the day. The hour is returned in 24-hour format (0 = midnight, 23 = 11 PM).

Remarks

The Hour function extracts the hour component from a date/time value:

Returns values from 0 (midnight) to 23 (11 PM)
Uses 24-hour format, not 12-hour AM/PM format
If time is Null, the function returns Null
If time contains only a date with no time component, returns 0
Works with Date variables, time strings, and numeric date/time values
Can be used with Now, Time, TimeValue, and other date/time functions
For 12-hour format with AM/PM, use Format$ function instead
Complements Minute and Second functions for complete time extraction

Typical Uses

Time-Based Logic: Determine if an event occurred during business hours
Scheduling: Check if current time is within a specific hour range
Data Analysis: Analyze activity patterns by hour of day
Logging: Extract hour from timestamp for categorization
User Interface: Display hour portion of time separately
Time Validation: Verify time values fall within expected ranges

Basic Usage Examples

' Example 1: Get current hour
Dim currentHour As Integer
currentHour = Hour(Now)
Debug.Print "Current hour: " & currentHour

' Example 2: Extract hour from time string
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour("14:30:00")    ' Returns 14 (2 PM)

' Example 3: Check for business hours
If Hour(Now) >= 9 And Hour(Now) < 17 Then
Debug.Print "Within business hours"
End If

' Example 4: Get hour from Date variable
Dim myDate As Date
myDate = #1/15/2024 3:45:00 PM#
Debug.Print Hour(myDate)    ' Returns 15

Common Patterns

' Pattern 1: Check if current time is within business hours
Function IsBusinessHours() As Boolean
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(Now)
IsBusinessHours = (h >= 9 And h < 17)
End Function

' Pattern 2: Categorize time of day
Function GetTimeOfDay() As String
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(Now)

If h >= 0 And h < 6 Then
GetTimeOfDay = "Night"
ElseIf h >= 6 And h < 12 Then
GetTimeOfDay = "Morning"
ElseIf h >= 12 And h < 18 Then
GetTimeOfDay = "Afternoon"
Else
GetTimeOfDay = "Evening"
End If
End Function

' Pattern 3: Format time in 12-hour format with AM/PM
Function Format12Hour(timeValue As Date) As String
Dim h As Integer
Dim ampm As String

h = Hour(timeValue)

If h >= 12 Then
ampm = "PM"
If h > 12 Then h = h - 12
Else
ampm = "AM"
If h = 0 Then h = 12
End If

Format12Hour = h & ":" & Right$("0" & Minute(timeValue), 2) & " " & ampm
End Function

' Pattern 4: Round time to nearest hour
Function RoundToNearestHour(timeValue As Date) As Date
If Minute(timeValue) >= 30 Then
RoundToNearestHour = DateSerial(Year(timeValue), Month(timeValue), Day(timeValue)) + _
TimeSerial(Hour(timeValue) + 1, 0, 0)
Else
RoundToNearestHour = DateSerial(Year(timeValue), Month(timeValue), Day(timeValue)) + _
TimeSerial(Hour(timeValue), 0, 0)
End If
End Function

' Pattern 5: Calculate hours elapsed
Function HoursElapsed(startTime As Date, endTime As Date) As Integer
Dim totalHours As Double
totalHours = (endTime - startTime) * 24
HoursElapsed = Int(totalHours)
End Function

' Pattern 6: Check if after specific hour
Function IsAfterHour(checkTime As Date, hourThreshold As Integer) As Boolean
IsAfterHour = (Hour(checkTime) >= hourThreshold)
End Function

' Pattern 7: Get hour range description
Function GetHourRange(timeValue As Date) As String
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(timeValue)
GetHourRange = h & ":00 - " & h & ":59"
End Function

' Pattern 8: Validate time is within allowed hours
Function IsWithinAllowedHours(checkTime As Date, startHour As Integer, endHour As Integer) As Boolean
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(checkTime)

If startHour <= endHour Then
IsWithinAllowedHours = (h >= startHour And h <= endHour)
Else
' Handle overnight range (e.g., 22:00 to 6:00)
IsWithinAllowedHours = (h >= startHour Or h <= endHour)
End If
End Function

' Pattern 9: Count hourly occurrences
Sub CountByHour(timestamps() As Date, hourCounts() As Long)
Dim i As Long
Dim h As Integer

ReDim hourCounts(0 To 23)

For i = LBound(timestamps) To UBound(timestamps)
h = Hour(timestamps(i))
hourCounts(h) = hourCounts(h) + 1
Next i
End Sub

' Pattern 10: Create time from hour
Function CreateTimeFromHour(hourValue As Integer, Optional minuteValue As Integer = 0) As Date
CreateTimeFromHour = TimeSerial(hourValue, minuteValue, 0)
End Function

Advanced Usage Examples

' Example 1: Business hours scheduler
Public Class BusinessScheduler
Private Const BUSINESS_START As Integer = 9
Private Const BUSINESS_END As Integer = 17
Private Const LUNCH_START As Integer = 12
Private Const LUNCH_END As Integer = 13

Public Function IsAvailable(checkTime As Date) As Boolean
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(checkTime)

If h < BUSINESS_START Or h >= BUSINESS_END Then
IsAvailable = False
ElseIf h >= LUNCH_START And h < LUNCH_END Then
IsAvailable = False
Else
IsAvailable = True
End If
End Function

Public Function GetNextAvailableSlot(currentTime As Date) As Date
Dim h As Integer
Dim nextSlot As Date

h = Hour(currentTime)

If h < BUSINESS_START Then
nextSlot = DateSerial(Year(currentTime), Month(currentTime), Day(currentTime)) + _
TimeSerial(BUSINESS_START, 0, 0)
ElseIf h >= LUNCH_START And h < LUNCH_END Then
nextSlot = DateSerial(Year(currentTime), Month(currentTime), Day(currentTime)) + _
TimeSerial(LUNCH_END, 0, 0)
ElseIf h >= BUSINESS_END Then
nextSlot = DateSerial(Year(currentTime), Month(currentTime), Day(currentTime) + 1) + _
TimeSerial(BUSINESS_START, 0, 0)
Else
nextSlot = currentTime
End If

GetNextAvailableSlot = nextSlot
End Function
End Class

' Example 2: Hourly activity analyzer
Public Class ActivityAnalyzer
Private m_hourlyData(0 To 23) As Long

Public Sub RecordActivity(activityTime As Date)
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(activityTime)
m_hourlyData(h) = m_hourlyData(h) + 1
End Sub

Public Function GetPeakHour() As Integer
Dim i As Integer
Dim maxCount As Long
Dim peakHour As Integer

maxCount = 0
peakHour = 0

For i = 0 To 23
If m_hourlyData(i) > maxCount Then
maxCount = m_hourlyData(i)
peakHour = i
End If
Next i

GetPeakHour = peakHour
End Function

Public Function GetActivityInRange(startHour As Integer, endHour As Integer) As Long
Dim i As Integer
Dim total As Long

total = 0
For i = startHour To endHour
total = total + m_hourlyData(i)
Next i

GetActivityInRange = total
End Function
End Class

' Example 3: Time slot manager
Public Class TimeSlotManager
Private Type TimeSlot
StartHour As Integer
EndHour As Integer
IsAvailable As Boolean
End Type

Private m_slots() As TimeSlot

Public Sub Initialize()
Dim i As Integer
ReDim m_slots(0 To 23)

For i = 0 To 23
m_slots(i).StartHour = i
m_slots(i).EndHour = i
m_slots(i).IsAvailable = True
Next i
End Sub

Public Function BookSlot(bookingTime As Date) As Boolean
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(bookingTime)

If m_slots(h).IsAvailable Then
m_slots(h).IsAvailable = False
BookSlot = True
Else
BookSlot = False
End If
End Function

Public Function FindNextAvailable(afterTime As Date) As Integer
Dim h As Integer
Dim i As Integer

h = Hour(afterTime)

For i = h To 23
If m_slots(i).IsAvailable Then
FindNextAvailable = i
Exit Function
End If
Next i

FindNextAvailable = -1  ' No available slots
End Function
End Class

' Example 4: Shift time calculator
Public Function CalculateShiftHours(clockIn As Date, clockOut As Date) As Double
Dim totalHours As Double
Dim inHour As Integer
Dim outHour As Integer

inHour = Hour(clockIn)
outHour = Hour(clockOut)

If clockOut < clockIn Then
' Overnight shift
totalHours = (clockOut + 1 - clockIn) * 24
Else
totalHours = (clockOut - clockIn) * 24
End If

CalculateShiftHours = totalHours
End Function

Error Handling

The Hour function can raise errors in certain situations:

Type Mismatch (Error 13): If the argument cannot be interpreted as a date/time value
Invalid Procedure Call (Error 5): If the date value is invalid
Null Propagation: If the argument is Null, the function returns Null (not an error)

On Error Resume Next
Dim h As Integer
h = Hour(someValue)
If Err.Number <> 0 Then
Debug.Print "Error extracting hour: " & Err.Description
h = 0  ' Default value
Err.Clear
End If
On Error GoTo 0

Performance Considerations

Fast Operation: Hour extraction is a very fast, native operation
No Overhead: Minimal performance impact even in tight loops
Caching: If checking the same time repeatedly, cache the Hour() result
Comparison: Direct Hour() comparisons are faster than full time comparisons

Best Practices

24-Hour Format: Remember Hour returns 0-23, not 1-12 with AM/PM
Midnight: Hour(#12:00:00 AM#) returns 0, not 12
Noon: Hour(#12:00:00 PM#) returns 12
Validation: Validate hour ranges (0-23) when accepting user input
Date-Only Values: The hour component of a date-only value (no time) is always 0
Null Handling: Check for Null when working with Variant date values
Time Zones: Hour doesn't handle time zones; use explicit conversion if needed

Comparison with Other Functions

Function	Purpose	Return Range
`Hour`	Extract hour from time	0-23 (24-hour)
`Minute`	Extract minute from time	0-59
`Second`	Extract second from time	0-59
`Day`	Extract day from date	1-31
`Month`	Extract month from date	1-12
`Year`	Extract year from date	100-9999
`Weekday`	Get day of week	1-7

Conversion Examples

' Convert 24-hour to 12-hour with AM/PM
Function To12Hour(hour24 As Integer) As String
Dim hour12 As Integer
Dim ampm As String

If hour24 >= 12 Then
ampm = "PM"
hour12 = IIf(hour24 = 12, 12, hour24 - 12)
Else
ampm = "AM"
hour12 = IIf(hour24 = 0, 12, hour24)
End If

To12Hour = hour12 & " " & ampm
End Function

' Convert 12-hour to 24-hour
Function To24Hour(hour12 As Integer, isPM As Boolean) As Integer
If isPM Then
To24Hour = IIf(hour12 = 12, 12, hour12 + 12)
Else
To24Hour = IIf(hour12 = 12, 0, hour12)
End If
End Function

Platform and Version Notes

Available in all VB6 versions
Consistent behavior across Windows platforms
Uses system locale for time interpretation when parsing strings
Returns Integer (2-byte signed integer, range: -32,768 to 32,767)

Limitations

Returns 24-hour format only (0-23)
No built-in AM/PM support (use Format$ for that)
Cannot extract fractional hours (use full date arithmetic for precision)
No time zone awareness (always uses local time interpretation)
Date-only values always return hour 0
Cannot handle dates before 1/1/100 or after 12/31/9999

Minute: Returns the minute of the hour (0-59)
Second: Returns the second of the minute (0-59)
Now: Returns the current date and time
Time: Returns the current system time
TimeSerial: Returns a Date for a specified hour, minute, and second
TimeValue: Converts a string to a time value
Format: Formats a date/time with custom formatting including AM/PM

Hour Function